How amazing they are, but do you ever think they are able these amazing things. In today’s article, we will explore something new that will answer all your questions about magnetism. Such as what is magnetism in physics. So let’s get in today’s article to answer your all questions.
What is magnetism
Magnetism is a force of attraction or repulsion, produced by the motion of electrically charged particles in a magnet.
You have observed that when placing an iron nail near a magnet, the nail starts attracting to the magnet. But why this happens so.
A magnet has both magnetic, electric fields. The magnetic field is produced by the motion of the electrically charged particles. The electric field is formed because there is electrically charged particle in the magnets.
That’s okay, But what type of particles. You must have learned about atoms. The atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Because we already have talked about atoms. So we will not talk about atoms much.
Coming back to the point, there are two charged particles in an atom. The electron, and the protons. Electrons are negatively charged, while protons are positively charged. When these charged particles move a magnetic field is formed.
Meaning of Magnetism
You know that the earth has two poles north and south poles. But like earth, other planets also have their own poles such as mars.
Like this, every magnet also has its own south and north poles. So if you suspend a magnet horizontally with a string/thread, the poles magnet will point automatically to the poles of the earth.
The north pole will point to the north pole of the earth. In the same way, the south pole will also point to the south pole of the earth.
Now you understood, what are poles in a Magnet. But we still did not get the meaning of magnetism. When you place the north pole of a magnet near the south pole of another magnet, both magnets will attract each other.
But when place the south pole of a magnet near another south pole a magnet. they will repel each other.
This because of their different fields, so you can say the repletion or attraction of a magnet to another object is known as magnetism.
What is The Magnetic Field
if you have a rotating electric current you can also create a magnet. As we all know there negatively charged electrons in electricity.
As we know that the negative charge is attracted to the positive charge. The process is the same in a magnet. The negatively charged particles move in such a way that they can reach the positively charged particles.
And because of this negative flow of charge, the field is created around the magnet. This released field will be called a magnetic field.
The Magnetic Domains
Let’s start this topic with an example. Consider there is a class where all the students have scattered, this means, no one is in his/her seat. Someone is going to his friend and someone is going to meet his girlfriend, I mean they are disorganized.
But when the teacher comes into the class each student gets on his/her seat. In a magnetic substance, there are magnet domains that you can consider as the students and the magnetic substance as a class.
The magnetic domains in magnetic substances are disorganized, they are not aligned. Because of this disorganization, the substance behaves like it is not a magnet.
As you can see in the above picture the magnetic domains in magnetic substances are not aligned. But when you place it in a magnetic field or near a magnet. The domains will align together they will organize like everyone get align when the teacher comes in class.
In the above picture, you can see that all the domains are aligned when they come in a magnetic field.
This happens so because each magnetic domain also has one south pole and one north pole. And when they come in the magnetic field all south pole or north pole magnetic domains get attracted to the magnet and get aligned.
For example, see the picture shown below
When a magnetic substance is brought near the north pole(N) of a magnet. All the south pole (s) of all the domains will get attracted to the magnet and all the domains become aligned. Which causes an attraction force towards the magnet.
Types of Magnets
There are three types of magnets permanent, temporary magnets, and electromagnets which are categorized according to their different behaviors.
Permanent Magnet
permanent magnet gets powerfully magnetized when placed in a magnetic field. And retains its magnetism even after the magnetic field is left. We can say it in another way, the permanent magnets have their own magnetism that comes from atoms and molecules inside them when they are placed in a magnetic field.
Temporary Magnet
temporary magnet gets slightly magnetized when placed in a magnetic field. And retain this magnetism for a short interval of time after leaving the magnetic field. You can say that they don’t have their own magnetism they get magnetism when they are brought near a magnet or in a magnetic field.
Electromagnet
An electromagnet is a magnet made of a coil of isolated copper wire wound around an iron nail. When the current is passed through the wire. It behaves like a magnet and releases a magnetic field around it.
Types of magnetism
three basic types of magnetism are there, which are categorized according to their behaviors.
Ferromagnetism
As we have seen in the above picture the domains became align after coming in a magnetic field. And because of these aligned domains, the substance gets the ability to attract objects like a magnet.
Ferromagnetism is a type of magnetism in which the magnetic domains in a magnetic substance like iron became align after coming into a magnetic field.
And get a permanent magnetic field like a real magnet or you can say magnetic powers. they retain their magnetism even when the field is removed or they are far from a magnet.
Materials like Iron, Cobalt, Nickel and certain alloys which perform above shown properties are known as ferromagnetic matters.
Paramagnetism
the substance that became slightly magnetized/attractive after coming into the magnetic field in the direction of the magnetic field is known as paramagnetic materials. This phenomenon is known as Paramagnetism.
Paramagnetic materials have a permanent dipole moment or permanent magnetic moment. However, if we remove the applied field the materials tend to lose their magnetism.
aluminum, gold, and copper are some examples of paramagnetic materials.
Diamagnetism
When a substance gets slightly magnetized/repulsive after coming into the magnetic field in the direction of the magnetic field is called paramagnetic materials. This phenomenon is known as Diamagnetism.
Diamagnetic materials have a permanent dipole moment or permanent magnetic moment. However, if we remove the applied field the materials tend to lose their magnetism.
The Fact of The Article
The magnet has more magnetic strength on its pole, because the all magnetic field is generated from its pole, and the lines of the magnetic field are closer at the poles of the magnet.
Properties of Magnetism
Every magnet have two poles: the south pole and north pole
The magnet attracts ferromagnetic materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and many more…
The magnetic force of a magnet is stronger at its poles.
The poles of a magnet will point to the poles of the earth when they are suspended.
There are three types of magnets: temporary magnets, permanent magnets, and electromagnets.
Induced Magnetism
As you can see in the above picture. When an unmagnetized material such as iron touches a magnet, it behaves like a permanent magnet. This means the magnetism is induced, A North pole induces a North pole in the far end.
From this statement, you can say that the induced magnetism is a way to magnetize unmagnetized materials.
Materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel are examples of induced magnetism.
Magnetism in Living Organisms
Some living organisms detect and use magnetic fields. The ability to sense a magnetic field is called magnetoception. Examples of creatures capable of magnetoception include bacteria, mollusks, arthropods, and birds.
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