Embrace the mystery of Hawaii, the 50th state of the United States, which is home to a remarkable geological wonder: the world's longest lava tube, Kazumura. The birthplace of these islands lies in the heart of volcanic activities, yielding countless lava tubes or 'pyrodotes'. These subterranean channels, products of volcanic eruptions, transform into intricate networks of breath-taking caves when the lava ceases or is redirected.
The walls and ceiling of these tunnels adorn a spectacle of droplet-like formations, akin to melted wax trickling down a candle, formed when lava levels recede. The cooling process of lava usually takes a year, after which these caves become a thriving habitat for unique underground dwellers known as troglobites. This fascinating ecosystem is teeming with exclusive species of insects, spiders, and microorganisms.
The crown jewel of Hawaii's lava tubes is Kazumura Cave, nestled approximately 19.3 kilometers south of Hilo on Big Island. Spanning over 65 kilometers with depths exceeding half a mile, Kazumura holds the record as the world's longest and deepest lava tube. The indigenous Polynesian people held spiritual significance for the cave's entrances, considering them gateways to an underworld realm linked to the fire goddess, Pele. These entrances also served as resting places for important figures. The caves provided a refuge during harsh times, offering shelter from unfavorable weather conditions or invasions. Archaeological findings, including stone tools, validate their practical use. Some sections of the caves were even converted into basic living spaces, equipped with hearths and sleeping areas.
From a practical perspective, lava tubes were also vital water sources. With a scarcity of suitable lakes and streams, locals would delve into the depths of the lava tubes to gather water that dripped from the ceilings, filtered through the porous volcanic rock.
Kazumura Caves embody the rich tapestry of Hawaii's geological and cultural history. Besides the stunning formations, this subterranean world has been an integral part of the lives of generations on the islands, making it a true testament to nature's marvel and human resilience.
Links:
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279193762_Pyroducts_the_Third_Most_Common_Cave_Type_on_Earth
- https://www.nps.gov/havo/learn/nature/lava-tubes.htm#:~:text=The%20Kazumura%20lava%20tube%20system,to%20several%20dozen%20feet%20wide.
- https://geology.com/stories/13/troglobites/
- https://www.jack-wolfskin.com/theoutdoors/lava-tube-hawaii/
- https://kazumuracave.com/#:~:text=There%20are%20at%20least%20101%20known%20ENTRANCES%20to%20the%20cave.
- https://umaine.edu/middenminders/what-is-a-midden/
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