For every stargazer, the sight of the Andromeda Galaxy, also known as M31, is a breathtaking spectacle. Positioned 2.53 million light-years from our Milky Way, this celestial body is not stationary. Both the Milky Way and M31 are constantly moving, traversing the vast expanse of space.
Through the lens of the Hubble Telescope, we have been able to map the intricate choreography of these two galaxies. Consequently, we have a glimpse into their future trajectory. The data reveals a cosmic ballet, the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy are inching closer, destined for a collision in approximately 4 to 5 billion years.
Do not be alarmed by the term 'collision'. Despite the impending encounter, the vast distances between individual stars ensure that it is highly unlikely for them to collide and annihilate each other. So, the Earth's existence is not threatened by this galactic event.
This imminent collision, however, will dramatically alter the structure of both galaxies. The Milky Way and M31 will fuse, forming a colossal elliptical galaxy. The heart of this new formation will take the place of the Milky Way's luminous path in our night sky.
Accompanying this post is a series of illustrations depicting probable scenarios of this astronomical event. The first panel reflects the current position. The second panel fast forwards to two billion years from now, showing how the Andromeda Galaxy will dominate our sky. The third through fifth panels illustrate the cosmic dance at 3.75 to 3.9 billion years, depicting the commencement of the collision. The final two panels reveal the culmination of this cosmic event. The Milky Way and M31 will have merged into a single elliptical galaxy, a stark departure from their original forms.
Credit: NASA; ESA; Z. Levay and R. van der Marel, STScI; T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger.
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