What is infrared light? Use and importance in astronomy

As you know, freeastroscience.com has been created to bring you into the fascinating world of science in an easy way. Astronomy is the most complex and romantic of all sciences because it allows us to explore the universe and discover the secrets that are hidden in the depths of space. 

To do this, astronomers use a variety of instruments and technologies. These include telescopes that can detect light that is invisible to the human eye, such as infrared light.  But what is infrared light and how does it help us understand the universe? Today we are going to find out together, in our own way.

Credit:NASA/ESA/M. Livio & Hubble 20th Anniversary Team (STScI)

What is infrared light?

Infrared light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. While visible light ranges from violet to red, infrared light lies beyond red in the electromagnetic spectrum. This radiation is produced by heat-emitting objects such as stars, planets, and even people. Infrared light is invisible to the human eye, but can be detected by special instruments.

The use of infrared light in astronomy is fundamental. Objects in space emit light at different wavelengths, and much valuable information can be obtained by observing the universe in infrared light. For example, young stars are often shrouded in clouds of dust and gas that obscure their visible light, but infrared light can penetrate these clouds, allowing astronomers to study star formation.

Use in astronomy

It is also useful for studying cool objects, such as the outer planets of our solar system. In the early 2000s, the Hubble Space Telescope made it possible to study the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and other planets in infrared light, revealing amazing details.

Infrared light is critical to astronomical research because it provides a different perspective on the universe. Its ability to penetrate clouds of gas and dust and detect cool objects contributes greatly to our understanding of the universe. NASA and other space agencies have launched dedicated infrared space telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, which is revolutionizing how we understand the Universe.