Currently boasting a magnitude of +8.5, Nishimura Comet is best seen just before sunrise. However, as it draws closer to Earth, its brightness will amplify, offering an even more breathtaking sight. On September 13, the comet will reach its closest proximity to Earth, passing within 0.85 AU (approximately 127 million km). A mere five days later, it will reach perihelion, coming within 0.22 AU (or 33 million km) from the Sun.
Originating from the Oort Cloud, a comet haven located on the fringes of our solar system, Nishimura is embarking on its maiden voyage into the inner solar system. The comet's brightness or magnitude is a variable factor, dependent on the unique physical attributes of its surface and its interaction with solar radiation.
While a magnitude of +6 is generally considered the limit of naked-eye visibility, the diffuse nature of comets often requires them to exceed this limit for unaided observation. Nishimura could surge to a magnitude of +2 or +3, although this peak brightness may coincide with its closest approach to the Sun, making observation challenging.
The optimal viewing period is expected to be around September 7 when the comet's magnitude is predicted to hover around +4.5. At this time, its sufficient distance from the Sun will allow for hassle-free observation before sunrise.
Image credit: Dan Bartlett.
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