The Garamantes: A Flourishing Power in the Sahara's Heart

The Garamantes, an influential regional power, thrived in the Sahara around 2nd century AD. They established their civilization in southern Libya's Fezzan region, dating back to 1100 BC. The Garamantes developed an intricate qanat irrigation system called "foggaras," which laid the foundation of their success.

Funerary Customs and Beliefs in the Afterlife

Similar to ancient Egyptians, the Garamantes held a strong belief in an afterlife. This is evident through their elaborate funerary rituals and monuments. They built pyramid-shaped necropolises, such as the one at Kharaig, found on the slopes of the Messak.

Garamantes vs. Rome: Raids and Retaliation

During the Roman era, the Garamantes frequently conducted raids across Rome's African frontier. In response, Emperor Septimius Severus launched an extensive campaign in 203 AD, penetrating deep into the Sahara and capturing the city of Garama. However, the Romans soon abandoned the city.

The Decline of the Garamantian Kingdom

Several factors contributed to the decline of the Garamantian kingdom. Unfavorable climatic conditions and the overuse of water resources might have significantly impacted their civilization's fall.