The research team at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, led by Leif Ristroph, an associate professor and author of a study recently published in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics, discovered that the conventional laws of resistance and friction of flow through a pipe or tube are not applicable when drinking through a straw. This finding inspired them to investigate the possibility of a new law that could be applicable to any type of fluid and any size of pipe regardless of the rate of flow.
In nature and industry, liquids and gasses are seen to travel through pipes, tubes, and ducts, for examples including the circulation of blood and oil pipelines.
Ristroph, director of NYU's Applied Mathematics Laboratory, where the research was conducted, noted that the pipe-flow problem is one of the most fundamental and significant topics in the field of fluid mechanics and that the field's development was largely driven by it.
Ristroph and his team of researchers discovered that the laws that relate pressure and flow rate can only be relied upon when certain parameters are in place.
They conducted experiments to determine the link between frictional resistance and flow rate, pressure, length and diameter of metallic pipes, with various liquids. Measurements were taken and the aim was to reach a conclusion.
Ristroph states that the data collected demonstrates that the traditional laws concerning flow friction are only reliable for certain sets of flow velocities and tube sizes. Additionally, it was noted that the current laws are not very precise in specific conditions, and a common example is sipping through a straw.
It is believed that drinking straws have been around since the dawn of the Mesopotamian civilization of Sumeria, which is estimated to be 5,500 years ago. However, the dynamics of their operation had not been studied until now.
In their research, the investigators broadened their investigation to incorporate three distinct types of straws--a thin coffee stirrer, a standard soda, and a wide bubble tea--and they ran experiments to measure the friction for flow rates which are common while imbibing.
The figures on straws and tubes of a comparable size did not adhere to any of the laws of physics recognized and named in honor of their discoverers, including Evangelista Torricelli and Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille.
The scientists discovered that the traditional regulations were not applicable because they assumed the length of the pipe was either minuscule or extensive and the movement of the flow was either sluggish or rapid. The perplexing cases, including drinking straws, involve intricate factors such as how the flow alters throughout the tube and whether it becomes even and laminar or choppy and turbulent.
The team was able to use modeling to comprehend the impacts, which then led them to establish a single mathematical formula. The estimations made by the formula proved to be consistent with the experiments that were conducted on multiple pipes, straws, fluids and flow speeds.
Ristroph notes that a general formula could prove to be quite beneficial in comprehending and constructing a representation of the circulation of the blood in the body. The pipes of the veins, arteries, and capillaries are all distinctive, with different diameters, lengths, and rates of flow.
In 2023, O. Pomerenk et al. explored the hydrodynamics of pipes with finite length at Reynolds numbers between low and high in their study J Fluid Mech.. The findings of their research are available in the publication with the DOI of 10.1017/jfm.2023.99
In nature and industry, liquids and gasses are seen to travel through pipes, tubes, and ducts, for examples including the circulation of blood and oil pipelines.
Ristroph, director of NYU's Applied Mathematics Laboratory, where the research was conducted, noted that the pipe-flow problem is one of the most fundamental and significant topics in the field of fluid mechanics and that the field's development was largely driven by it.
Ristroph and his team of researchers discovered that the laws that relate pressure and flow rate can only be relied upon when certain parameters are in place.
They conducted experiments to determine the link between frictional resistance and flow rate, pressure, length and diameter of metallic pipes, with various liquids. Measurements were taken and the aim was to reach a conclusion.
Ristroph states that the data collected demonstrates that the traditional laws concerning flow friction are only reliable for certain sets of flow velocities and tube sizes. Additionally, it was noted that the current laws are not very precise in specific conditions, and a common example is sipping through a straw.
It is believed that drinking straws have been around since the dawn of the Mesopotamian civilization of Sumeria, which is estimated to be 5,500 years ago. However, the dynamics of their operation had not been studied until now.
In their research, the investigators broadened their investigation to incorporate three distinct types of straws--a thin coffee stirrer, a standard soda, and a wide bubble tea--and they ran experiments to measure the friction for flow rates which are common while imbibing.
The figures on straws and tubes of a comparable size did not adhere to any of the laws of physics recognized and named in honor of their discoverers, including Evangelista Torricelli and Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille.
The scientists discovered that the traditional regulations were not applicable because they assumed the length of the pipe was either minuscule or extensive and the movement of the flow was either sluggish or rapid. The perplexing cases, including drinking straws, involve intricate factors such as how the flow alters throughout the tube and whether it becomes even and laminar or choppy and turbulent.
The team was able to use modeling to comprehend the impacts, which then led them to establish a single mathematical formula. The estimations made by the formula proved to be consistent with the experiments that were conducted on multiple pipes, straws, fluids and flow speeds.
Ristroph notes that a general formula could prove to be quite beneficial in comprehending and constructing a representation of the circulation of the blood in the body. The pipes of the veins, arteries, and capillaries are all distinctive, with different diameters, lengths, and rates of flow.
In 2023, O. Pomerenk et al. explored the hydrodynamics of pipes with finite length at Reynolds numbers between low and high in their study J Fluid Mech.. The findings of their research are available in the publication with the DOI of 10.1017/jfm.2023.99
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