In certain regions of the adult brain, dormant neural stem cells exist that hold the potential to be reactivated and form new neurons. Yet, the shift from dormancy to proliferation remains largely unclear. Researchers from the Universities of Geneva (UNIGE) and Lausanne (UNIL) led a team that discovered the significance of cell metabolism in this process, pinpointing how to stimulate these neural stem cells back into action.
The biologists achieved success in increasing the adult and even elderly mice's brain's new neuron count.
Stem cells possess the distinct capability to perpetually create copies of themselves and generate differentiated cells with specialized functions. During embryonic development, neural stem cells (NSCs) construct the brain by producing all central nervous system cells, including neurons.
Interestingly, in specific brain areas, NSCs endure even after the brain is fully developed, and they continue to create new neurons throughout an individual's life. This natural occurrence, known as adult neurogenesis, plays a crucial role in particular functions like learning and memory processes.
However, in the adult brain, these stem cells become more inactive or "dormant," resulting in a diminished ability to renew and differentiate. Consequently, neurogenesis significantly declines with age.
Scientists have revealed a metabolic mechanism that enables adult NSCs to transition from their dormant state to an active one.
Ref: Journal Science Advances (https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add5220); SciTechDaily
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