The luminosity or brightness of several stars fluctuates over time. Some experience temporary surges in brightness for a span of days or weeks, while others undergo regular changes in their luminosity. There are also instances where the surrounding environment of stars affects their brightness. These shifts in luminosity offer insightful data about the evolution of stars and allow astronomers to delve deeper into their intrinsic and extrinsic properties.
In the 1840s, an astronomical phenomenon took place where what appeared to be a singular star exploded, illuminating the night sky. This was none other than one of the two stars of Eta Carinae which jettisoned a portion of its mass. This event caused a significant increase in the brightness of the duo, making them the second-most luminous star visible in the night sky for over a decade.
These stars, categorized by their extreme luminosity and frequent outbursts, are continually losing mass. In-depth observations across various light wavelengths have enabled astronomers to approximate the timing of each outburst and identify the materials expelled, resulting in the formation of two lobes of gas and dust. Eta Carinae thus presents a unique, ongoing opportunity for researchers to study high-mass stars.
Quick Overview: Eta Carinae
Type of celestial body: Extreme, high-mass star system
Proximity to Earth: 7,500 light-years
Position in the cosmos: Carina Constellation in the Southern sky
Did you know: In the 1840s, Eta Carinae experienced a significant increase in brightness, becoming the second-most visible star in the night sky for over a decade, in an event famously known as the Great Eruption. In the 1860s, it vanished from sight. However, since the late 1990s, it has been gradually regaining its luminosity, and recently, it has become visible to the naked eye once again.
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